QUO VADIS?-II
In this very long article I hope to discuss the dangerous cliff on which we presently stand.
I have lightly discussed revolution in a couple of former articles but this is an in-depth look at what can precipitate one.
The French Revolution of 1789 overthrew an absolute monarchy and ended a system of feudalism for the aristocracy and the Catholic Church.
The precipitating cause was a famine. This was most likely caused by crop failures caused by the eruption of the volcano Laki in
Temperatures plummeted to such an extent that the
When the system that is looked to for stability and the well-being of the masses falters, for whatever reason, conditions are ripe for revolution.
It can be an actual cataclysm or the perception of one that triggers a revolution.
After the overthrow of the French Monarchy a period of relative stability existed during which time the Industrial Revolution began to occur.
Machines were invented which could produce much more than men could individually.
.
Between 1834 and 1846
However, the means of production was in the hands of a few who could afford to buy the machines by accumulating enough money to buy them.
The machines displaced hand labor and caused a migration of people from farms to the cities which possessed the power to operate the machines—steam and water-power.
This led to a rise of capitalism and the middle class which ultimately created a class struggle. It became a struggle between the owners and managers of the means of production and the laborers.
About that time two people developed a philosophy that attempted to deal with this problem.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles produced The Communist Manifesto in which they used the term ‘Proletariat’ to define the working class. These are the people in a Capitalist society who do not own the means of production but sell their labor for a wage.
The ‘Bourgeoisie’ were defined as the managers of the means of production.
Where there is a reasonable amount of freedom in a system of government, there will always be a conflict between these two groups. The laborer wants to receive the most financial advantage for each hour of his work while the manager wants to maximize his profit.
This is not the case in either a Monarchy or a Dictatorship. What you get is what you get. A person is essentially a slave in either of these systems.
How much material wealth is spread among the masses is a function of the generosity of the leader.
Unfortunately both the Monarch and the Dictator generally have other aspirations—grandeur or conquest—which permits no surplus for the masses to enjoy.
Socialism’s goal is to spread the surplus capital, the difference between what the actual generators of that production, the ‘proletariat’, have generated minus the cost of that production.
Of course, what history has shown is that this system kills incentive for investment because the would-be venture capitalist is not willing to expend the effort if there is no possibility to accumulate some of the surplus capital.
There is no point being the owner of the means of production if it is a ‘break-even’ venture. If a person’s expenses exactly balance his potential income there is no point in working harder.
The common laborer is also not likely to attempt to better himself and advance into the ranks of the owners of production when he realizes that he would be no better off to assume more responsibility and work harder.
This is the flaw in the concepts of Socialism and Communism.
The dream of Utopia is just that, a dream. The fathers of modern day Socialism/Communism , Marx and Engles, never addressed how this perfect state would come about. They produced The Communist Manifesto at about the same time as the French Revolution of 1847.They, like most idealists, would have enjoyed living in a system in which one could enjoy prosperity and leisure without trading the hours of their lives to achieve it.
Marx’s definition of Capitalism is a system based on the exploitation of the Proletariat by the Bourgeoisie.
The French Revolution of 1847 was precipitated by conditions not unlike those presently existing in the
The Industrial Revolution showed people that if they could acquire the ‘means of production’ they could become wealthy. Machines could out-produce people but it required money to buy these new machines.
Those with aspirations could achieve that by borrowing money. This caused competition for money which raised interest rates and increased speculation.
The Russian people, through the actions of Lenin and Trotsky, became, for the most part, almost unwilling participants in the Russian Revolution of 1917.
The Crash of 1929 and the following Depression created a pattern of similar thinking in the
We Americans are facing a series of hardships with the loss of enormous wealth in auto manufacturing, investments, home and business values that we may be on the verge of acceptance of either a total socialistic system or a revolution.
Socialism stifles investment and creativity; revolution creates chaos.
Utopia is an impossibility and Marx and Engles realized it.
It is unfortunate that the followers of their philosophy do not understand this and are willing to create a revolution to lose everything in the hope of achieving that which is impossible. Revolution has only led to a long period of misery.
Today we are seeing the possibility of a revolution in
Could a revolution there create a ‘fall-out’, as the volcano Laki did to
that would affect the
